Risk reduction is a set of choices
Safer sex describes steps that can reduce the chance of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. The most relevant steps depend on the activities involved, partners, health history and personal preferences. No single method removes every risk.
Condoms and barriers
Use a new condom for each act of sex, check the expiry date and packet condition, and follow the product instructions. For external condoms, pinch the tip, roll onto an erect penis before genital contact, and use compatible lubricant if needed. Do not use two condoms together. Oil-based products can weaken latex; check compatibility on the package. Barriers reduce risk but do not fully prevent infections spread by uncovered skin.
Contraception
Contraceptive methods include condoms, hormonal methods, intrauterine devices and other options. Effectiveness, side effects, suitability and access vary. Most contraceptive methods do not protect against STIs. Ask a qualified healthcare professional or family-planning service to discuss options relevant to you.
STI testing
Many STIs may have no symptoms. Testing can be appropriate after a possible exposure or when starting a new sexual relationship, depending on circumstances. A clinician can advise which tests to take and when, since testing windows differ by infection and test type.
Vaccination and treatment
Vaccines can prevent some infections, such as HPV and hepatitis B, for eligible people. Some STIs are curable and others can be managed with treatment. Follow current local clinical guidance; do not self-prescribe antibiotics.
When to seek medical advice
Get prompt advice for possible exposure, sores, unusual discharge, pain, urinary symptoms or pregnancy concerns. Ask about post-exposure options when relevant; some interventions are time-sensitive.