What are STIs?
Sexually transmitted infections can spread through sexual contact, though routes differ by infection. Some infections can also be transmitted through blood or from parent to child. Many STIs cause no obvious symptoms, so a person can feel well and still need testing.
Reducing risk
- Use condoms or other recommended barriers correctly and consistently.
- Consider vaccination against infections such as HPV and hepatitis B when eligible.
- Discuss testing and sexual health with partners when safe and appropriate.
- Seek timely clinical advice after a possible exposure.
- Do not share needles or injection equipment.
Testing and windows
A clinician can recommend testing based on exposure, symptoms, pregnancy and health history. Different tests become informative at different times, so an early negative test may not rule out every infection. Follow the testing service’s advice about repeat testing.
Treatment and partner care
Many STIs can be treated, and some can be cured. Take prescribed treatment exactly as directed and follow guidance about sexual activity, partner notification and repeat testing. Do not use leftover medicines or unverified home remedies.
Urgent or time-sensitive concerns
Contact a qualified health service promptly after a possible HIV exposure, sexual assault or other exposure where preventive treatment may be time-sensitive. Local availability and recommendations differ; do not wait for symptoms.